The True Story of Philip IV and Olivares: The Favorite Who Ruled Spain for 22 Years
The era of Philip IV, which lasted from 1621 to 1665, is marked by a striking contrast between grandeur and decline, power and ruin. In this dramatic period, one of the most influential figures was the Count-Duke of Olivares, the favorite who became the true architect of Spanish governance for over two decades. This article reveals the palace secrets and political intrigues that defined an era filled with surprises and conflicts.
The Rise of Philip IV: A Young King in Turbulent Times
The young Philip IV ascended to the throne at a time of great challenges. At just 16 years old, he inherited a vast empire that spanned territories in Europe and America. However, his reign was quickly threatened by a series of political, economic, and military crises. The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), which consumed much of Europe, loomed over his kingdom, and the pressure to maintain Spanish hegemony was overwhelming.
In the midst of this chaos, the Count-Duke of Olivares, named Gaspar de Guzmán, emerged as his chief advisor. Olivares came to power in 1621, and from then on, he aimed to transform Spain into an even more dominant power, but his ambitious plans were not without controversy.
Olivares: The Favorite with Great Dreams and Greater Failures
The favorite Olivares was a man of many talents, but his focus on centralizing power and administrative reform earned him both admirers and enemies. His reform program, which included the creation of a more effective army and the reorganization of the Crown's finances, was initially met with enthusiasm. However, the results were disappointing. The revenue...